From marine pollution to the unsustainable production of food and our changing climate, the wellbeing of people and the ocean is inextricably intertwined. The Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030) aims to provide a framework to generate the global ocean science needed for sustainable development of our shared ocean. This edition of the environmental SCIENTIST examines the 10 challenges of the Decade where efforts will be concentrated. Read about the impacts of climate change on coastal systems, actions needed for sustainable marine food production, building resilience to coastal hazards, and how marine professionals and coastal residents can work together to increase ocean literacy.